CLASS 8 NATURAL RESOURCES:VEGETATION AND WILDLIFE

 NOTES

NATURAL VEGETATION

The assemblage of plant species in an environment is known as Natural vegetation. 

IMPORTANT FACTORS FOR GROWTH OF PLANTS

1.Temperature

2.Rainfall

ON THE BASIS OF THE LOCATION FORESTS

CAN DIVIDED INTO THREE PARTS

1.Tropical Hardwood Forests

2.Mediterranean Forests

2.Temperate Softwood Forests

1.TROPICAL HARDWOOD FORESTS

On the basis of temperature and rainfall, Tropical Hardwood Forest divided in two part

A. TROPICAL EVERGREEN FORESTS

#Tropical evergreen forests are also known as tropical rain forests because they are confined to tropical regions  where heavy rainfall occurs throughout the year. 

#  It is also known as Evergreen Forests. 

#  AREAS

@ Zaire in Africa

@ The Amazon basin South America

@ South East Asia

# In India

@ Western Ghats

@ Andaman and Nicobar Islands

@ Kerla

@ North Eastern part of India

# Rainfall-200Cm

# Climate-15 to 30 degree celsius

# Hight of trees-up to 60m

# Trees-Mahogany, Ebony, Rosewood, Rubber, Palm, 

#Animal Found- Elephant, Lemur, Monkey, Deer. 

B. TROPICAL DECIDUOUS FORESTS

# Tropical deciduous forests are also known as Mansoon Forests because they are common in the mansoon area of the world. 

# india, Myanmar, South China, East Brazil, Central part of America

# Rain 100-200cm

# Summer Rainfall -June, July, August, September. 

# Heights of tree-30-40metres

# Tree-Sal, Teak, Sandalwood, Bamboo, Shisham. 

# Eucalyptus is common in Australia. 

# Animal- Lion, Tiger, Numerous kinds of reptiles. 

2.MEDITERRANEAN FORESTS

# Area - Europe, Asia, North Africa, South Western part of South Africa. 

# Rainfall-moderate

# Trees are widely scattered and have spiny waxy, small, leathery textured leaves. They also have root and thick bark. 

# Trees-Cork, Olive, Citrus fruits trees

# Animals-Golden Jackal, Mouflon, Bezoar goat, Aardwolf, Mediterranean gecko. 

3.TEMPERATE SOFTWOOD FOREST

# It is commonly known as CONIFEROUS FORESTS as the shape of the tree conical. 

# In India,it is also known as Mountain Forest. 

# Areas-Europe, Asia, North Canada, USA

# Trees-Pine, Fur, Spruce, Cedar, Deodar, Silver Fir, Oak, Chestnut, Walnut and Maple purposes of such as making of Pulp, Plywood etc. 

# Animals found in India Kashmir Stag, Spotted deer, Tibetan antelope. 

ADVANTAGES OF FORESTS

1.Forest are the breathing lungs of the civilisation. 

2.Forests helps to breathe by converting carbon dioxide into oxygen. 

3.They provide safe habitat to the wild animals. 

PROTECTION OF FORESTS

1.Afforestation or large scale plantation of trees. 

2.Each one plant one policy. 

3.Efficient utilization of forest products and usage of substitutes of wood. 

4.Enforcement of number of law to protect and prohibit deforestation. 

5.Discourages shifting cultivation which causes forest loss. 

WILDLIFE

It includes non domesticated animals such as bird, fishes and animals. Which make forests as their natural habitat. 

 1.Blackbuck, Peacock, Lion,and Bengal tiger

is found in India. 

2.Kola bear, Emu and Kookabura  is found in Australia. 

3.Wildlife is very essential to maintain the ecological balance on the earth surface. 

THE GOVERNMENT TO PRESERVE THE WILDLIFE

1.Hunting of wild animals and birds has been banned. 

2.Poachers and hunters are penalized. 

3.National park and Wildlife Sanctuary are being set-up in different parts of the world. 

1.Total National Park-104

2.Total Wildlife Sanctuaries- 551

NATIONAL PARK

It is a well defined are for the protection of Wildlife and biodiversity. Visitors can only visit the park. 

Grand Canyon National park of USA is declared as a world Heritage Site by the UNESCO. 

WILDLIFE SANCTUARY

It is a declared protected area in which limited human activities are permitted. Hunting of animals and cutting of trees are banned. 

Manas wildlife Sanctuary of India as world Heritage Site. 

UNESCO

UNITED NATIONS EDUCATIONAL SCIENTIFIC AND CULTURAL ORGANIZATION

WILDLIFE PROTECTION ACT OF 1972 PROHIBITS POACHING, HUNTING AND TRADE OF WILDLIFE. 

IN 1973 PROJECT TIGER WAS LAUNCHED IN INDIA

INITIALLY 9 TIGER RESERVES WERE SET UP. 

IN 2016 , TOTAL TIGER RESERVES -50.

JIM CORBETT NATIONAL PARK OF UTTRAKHAND IS FAMOUS FOR TIGER RESERVES IN INDIA. 



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QUESTION AND ANSWER

SHORT QUESTIONS WITH ANSWER

QUESTION 1.

Why are tropical Rain Forests known as Evergreen Forests? 

ANSWER

All the trees of tropical rain forests donot shed their leaves at the same time hence the forests always appears green so tropical rain forests known as evergreen forests. 

QUESTION 2.

Why do the Tropical Deciduous forests shed their leaves during the summer season? Name two such tree. 

ANSWER

Tropical Deciduous Forests have predominantly broad-leafed trees and they shed their leaves during the dry season to conserve moisture. 

Name of trees- Sal, teak

QUESTION 3.

Write any three characteristic features of the trees found in the Mediterranean forests. 

ANSWER

1.Trees of mediterranean forests are widely scattered and have spiny, waxy, small and leathery- textured leaves. 

2.These forests are usually found in the area which have dry summer and moderate rainfall during winter. 

3.They also have long roots and thick bark, these trees are able to retain moisture in the dry summer season. 

QUESTION 4

Distinguish between a national parks and wildlife Sanctuary. 

ANSWER

NATIONAL PARK

It is a well defined are for the protection of Wildlife and biodiversity. Visitors can only visit the park. 

Grand Canyon National park of USA is declared as a world Heritage Site by the UNESCO. 

WILDLIFE SANCTUARY

It is a declared protected area in which limited human activities are permitted. Hunting of animals and cutting of trees are banned. 

Manas wildlife Sanctuary of India as world Heritage Site. 

QUESTION 5

Suggest any three important measures for the protection of the forests. 

ANSWER

1.Afforestation or large scale plantation of trees. 

2.Each one plant one policy. 

3.Efficient utilization of forest products and usage of substitutes of wood. 

4.Enforcement of number of law to protect and prohibit deforestation. 

5.Discourages shifting cultivation which causes forest loss. 

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LONG QUESTION WITH ANSWER

QUESTION 1.

What is meant by natural vegetation? How do temperture and rainfall affect it's distribution? Explain. 

ANSWER

Natural vegetation- The assemblage of plant species in an environment is known as natural vegetation. Ex-forests, grasses, shrubs. 

Temperature and rainfall are two important factor for the growth of plants. In the areas where rainfall is heavy, the forests are think and dense, As the rainfall decreases, the size and concentration of trees is also reduced. Shrubs and short trees are common in the areas of low rainfall or in desert areas. In cold regions, the growing season is very short, therefore, plants occur in scattered patches in the form of mosses and lichens. 

QUESTION 2

Highlights any five Points of distinction between Tropical Deciduous Forests and Coniferous Forests. 

ANSWER

TROPICAL DECIDUOUS FORESTS

1.They lose their leaves once in Autumn. 

2.They also have green leaves. 

3.They are of all types of trees. 

4.They have broad type of leaves. 

5.Trees like- Oaks, Maple etc. 

CONIFEROUS FORESTS

1.They lose their leaves continuously. 

2.They always have green leaves. 

3.They are evergreen. 

4.They have needle type of leaves. 

5.Trees like- Pine, Cendar etc. 

QUESTION 3.

"Forests are essential for maintaining an ecological balance" Justify the statement with suitable arguments. 

ANSWER

1.Forests provides a home to different plants and animals. 

2.Forests help in maintaing a balance in the ecosystem between human being, plants and animals. 

3.Forests prevent unwanted climate change in the world. 

4.Forest help in the reduction of soil erosion and fill the soil with nutrients. 

5.It is essential to spread the awareness of wildlife and protection of the forest to individual. 

QUESTION 4.

Explain the important of wildlife. 

ANSWER

1.Wildlife is very essential to maintain ecological balance on earth's surface. 

2.Wildlife is important for its aesthetic values and ecological balance. 

3.The beauty of wildlife boosts tourism and creates jobs for the people. 

4.Animals behavior changes at time of natural disasters like tsunami and earthquake. 

5.Dead and decaying plants and animals also produce humus which is helpful as to maintain the fertility of the soil. 

QUESTION 5

How are human beings responsible for the depletion of vegetation and wildlife? 

ANSWER

Human beings are responsible for deplection of vegetation and wildlife as follows-

1.Humans clears the forests and vegetation cover for farmlands to feed the increasing population. 

2.It needs a land to build houses for human population. 

3.The demand of animals in the form of meat, skins had increased. 

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Sources:-

1.We and our world -DAV Publication

2.NCERT book class VIII

Prepared by:-

DR. SANTOSH ANAND MISHRA

               DAV PUBLIC SCHOOL

                           MANPUR

                               GAYA

                               BIHAR

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