VIII-COLONIALISM:RURAL AND TRIBAL SOCIETIES

COLONIALISM:RURAL AND TRIBAL SOCIETIES

QUESTION WITH ANSWER

SHORT QUESTION

QUESTION 1.

Highlight the main features of Mahalwari system.

ANSWER:-

1.Mahalwari system was introduced in 1822.

2.Mahalwari system was introduced by Holt Mackenzie.

3.Mahalwari system introduced in Gangetic Valley, North-West Provinces, Central India and Punjab.

4.Mahalwari system, a settlement was made collectively, with a group of villages called Mahal.

5.Mahalwari system, the villagers were jointly responsible for the payment of land revenue.

QUESTION 2.

Why did the British force Indian farmers to grow commercial crops?

ANSWER:-

1.East India company wanted to collect maximum taxes to meet their military and at the administrative expansive.

2.They also want to gain maximum profit.

3.The agricultural raw material was purchased at very low rates and sent to England.

4.The finished goods were brought back to India and sold at high prices to earn more profit.

5.The company forced to cultivate like indigo, cotton, raw silk, opium etc.

QUESTION 3.

What was the impact of colonial rule on the tribals of India Mention any three.

ANSWER:-

1.The chief lost all power and were forced to follow the laws made by the British officers in India.

2.The Britishers did not want shifting cultivation because it was difficult to control.

3.Most of the forests were declared as the state property especially the reserved forest which produced timber.

QUESTION 4.

Write short notes on the Birsa Movement.

In 1895,Birsa Munda a young boy emerged as hero of tribals. Birsa Munda told his people that land policies of the British were destroying their traditional land system. Birsa was jailed for two years but on his release, he instigated the tribal to attack Zamindars. He raised the white flag as a symbol of Birsa Raj. This movement ended in 1900 with the death of Birsa.

QUESTION 5.

Highlight any three changes that took place in modern industries in the nineteenth century.

ANSWER:-

1.Cotton, jute, iron and steel industries developed at a fast rate.

2.The expansion of railways, the demand for coal, iron and steel increased.

3.The cement, chemical and suger industries also developed.

LONG QUESTION WITH ANSWER

QUESTION 1.

List the main features of Permanent Settlement. How did the production of opium, indigo and suger shot up the profit margins of the East India Company?

ANSWER:-

The main features of permanent settlement-

1.It was introduced in 1793 in Bengal.

2.It was introduced by Lord Cornwallis.

3.Under the system owners of the land were forced to pay 89%of the total revenue to the British government.

4.Zamindars share was 11%.

5.In this system gave birth a new class of landlord called Zamindars.

# The British introduced commercial agriculture in India to gain maximum profit.

# The Britishers wanted to smuggle and sell opium in China so they could earn huge profit.

#Indigo called Nile was the great demand in textiles industries of Britain.

#The demand of sugar in West, attracted many Europeans to set up sugar plantations in India.

QUESTION 2.

Differentiate between Ryotwari and Mahalwari system.

ANSWER:-

RYOTWARI SYSTEM

1.Ryotwari System was introduced in 1820.

2Ryotwari system was introduced by Thomas Munro.

3.Ryotwari system was introduced in South and West India.

4.Ryotwari system, a direct settlement was made between the government and the ryot or cultivators.

5.Ryotwari system, the revenue was directly collected from the cultivator.

MAHALWARI SYSTEM

1.Mahalwari system was introduced in 1822.

2.Mahalwari system was introduced by Holt Mackenzie.

3.Mahalwari system introduced in Gangetic Valley, North-West Provinces, Central India and Punjab.

4.Mahalwari system, a settlement was made collectively, with a group of villages called Mahal.

5.Mahalwari system, the villagers were jointly responsible for the payment of land revenue.

QUESTION 3.

How did colonialism systematically destroy Indian craft and industries? Explain.

ANSWER:-

India was very rich in handicrafts, like calico, muslin, wool and silk products.

Metal works of iron, steel, copper, brass, gold, and silver, were also in great demand.

Unfortunately, the company's policy destroyed craft, cottage industries and artisanship of India.

1.Indian silk and cotton textiles were destroyed with imposition of very heavy duty on Indian good.

2.The British brought changes in their trade polices which forced the Indian craftsman and artisan to gave up their traditional livelihood.

3.The industrial revolution in British and other European countries also played a major role in destroying the Indian industries.

QUESTION 4.

How far were British agrarian and tribal policies responsible for widespread discontentment in India? Explain with the help of examples.

ANSWER:-

1.Every tribe had a trible chief but under the British rule, the chief lost all power and were forced to follow the laws made by the British.

2.The agrarian policies of the British to cultivate commercial crops led to the widespread discontentment among the peasants.

3.British introduced land settlements. They introduced Zamindari system, Ryotwari System and Mahalwari system. British to get higher profit and revenue.

4.Britishers introduced forest laws that controlled the forest land, declared reserved forests and declared forests as state property.

5.Britishers decided to expand their trade, come to the forest to buy forest produce offered cash loans and also demanded wages.

QUESTION 5.

Describe any five revolts by the tribals against the British.

ANSWER:-

1.REVOLT BY KHASIS

Khasis lived in the Khasi hill of North-West Assam took place in 1829.Leader of Khasis revolt Bar Manik and Tirut Singh.

2.THE KUKAS REVOLT

Kukas belongs to hilly region of Manipur and Tripura kept attacking the British territories from 1829.But they were forced to surrender 1850.

3.THE KHONDS REVOLT;-

Khondmals near Orissa revolted against the British in 1846 due to the fear of being annexed.

4.THE SANTHALS REVOLT:-

The Santhals were expecting the British government to safeguard their interest. When nothing was done, they revolted against the Britishers in 1855 to 1856 under the leadership of Sidhu and Kanhu Murmu.

5.THE MUNDAS MOOVEMENT

Birsa Munda was the leader of Munda Movement. He told his people that land policies of the British were destroying their traditional land system. He raised the flag white flag as a symbol of Birsa Raj. This movement ended in 1900 with the death of Birsa.

Sources:-

1.We and our world -DAV Publication

2.NCERT book class VIII

Prepared by:-

DR. SANTOSH ANAND MISHRA

DAV PUBLIC SCHOOL

MANPUR

GAYA

BIHAR

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