NOTES
The Union Executive
Every government has three organs -
1.The legislature
2. The executive
3. The judiciary
Executive is that organ of the government which enforces laws made by the legislature , executes them and runs the administration of the country .
Two types of executives --
1. The nominal executive
2.The real executive .
The President of India
.QUALIFICATION OF THE OFFICE
1.He /She must be a citizen of India.
2.He has completed 35 years of age.
3.He /She should be qualified to be a member of the Lok Sabha.
4.He/She should not hold any office of profit under the government at any level.
TENURE
The President of India holds the office for a five years term and can be re - elected .
ELECTION OF PRESIDENT
This President of the elected indirectly by an electoral college consisting only the elected members of
( a ) Lok Sabha
(b)Rajya Sabha
( c ) Legislative Assemblies of the State
IMPEACHMENT
The process to remove the President is called impeachment.
SUCCESSION TO PRESIDENCY
In case the office of the President falls vacant due to his/her resignation, death or impeachment, the Vice President of India takes over responsibility of officiate as President till the new President is elected.
SALARY
The President of India draws a monthly salary Rs. 5Lakh and other allowances.
POWERS AND FUNCTIONS OF THE PRESIDENT
Executive Power-
He / She makes all the important appointments including those of the Prime Minister Council of Ministers , governors , judges of the Supreme Court and High Courts , Controller and Auditor General of India and Attorney General of India.
The President also appoints the members of Election Commission , Finance Commission etc.
He / She is the Supreme Commander of India's Defence forces .
Legislative Power-
The president is and integral part of Indian Parliament. The president can summon prorogue and address the two houses of the parliament. Every year the first session of the parliament begins with his/her address.
Twelve member of Rajya Sabha are nominated by the President. He/She also nominate two Anglo Indian to the Lok Sabha.
Financial powers-
The annual budget of the country is presented in the Parliament in the name of the Patent Similarly , all money bills also require the approval before introducing them in Lok Sabha He / She has the power to appoint members of the Finance Commission .
Judicial power-
All the judges of the Supreme court and the High Court, including their Chief justices are appointed by the president. On appeal for mercy, the president has the power to reduce the sentence or grant pardon or amnesty. She / He can change the death sentence or can postpone it also.
Emergency Powers-
1.National Emergency-
If the security of the country is threatened by war or external aggression or internal armed rebellion, the president can declare a State of Emergency for the whole country.
2.Breakdown of Constitutional Machinery in a state-
If the government of a state is not being run in accordance with the constitution, the president can declare emergency in that State. It is also called imposition of President's rule in a state.
3.Financial Emergency-
When the financial stability of the country is threatened the president can declare a state of financial emergency.
THE VICE PRESIDENT OF INDIA
The Vice President is the ex - officio Chairman of the Rajya Sabha .
He / She performs the same functions in Rajya Sabha as the Speaker of Lok Sabha does .
The Vice President is not a member of Rajya Sabha , he / she does not participate in voting in the House
However , in the case of tie , he / she can exercise his casting vote.
Whenever the office of the President falls vacant due to death , resignation or impeachment , the Vice President takes over as the officiating President till a fresh election is held .
The new President must be elected within six months .
As officiating President , the Vice President is entitled to all the powers , privileges and emoluments due to the President of India .
UNION COUNCIL OF MINISTERS
the Council of Ministers Finance , Agriculture , Foreign affairs , Health , etc. The Council of Ministers also performs certain legislative functions like preparing and approving the annual budget and making laws .
The formation of internal and external policy of the country , taking decisions at the national and international level.
functions of the Prime Minister
1 .The Prime Minister is the pivot and the entire administration revolves around him.
2. As head of the government , the Prime Minister enjoys real powers .
3.The main powers of the Prime Minister are : to form Council of Ministers .
4.to preside over the meetings of the Cabinet as well as Council of Ministers .
5.to co - ordinate the working of various departments .
(D) ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS-
1.QUESTION
Explain the judicial power of the president of India.
ANSWER-
Judicial power-
All the judges of the Supreme court and the High Court, including their Chief justices are appointed by the president. On appeal for mercy, the president has the power to reduce the sentence or grant pardon or amnesty. She / He can change the death sentence or can postpone it also.
ELECTION OF PRESIDENT
This President of the elected indirectly by an electoral college consisting only the elected members of
( a ) Lok Sabha
(b)Rajya Sabha
( c ) Legislative Assemblies of the State
3.QUESTION
Differentiate between the real and the nominal executive of India.
ANSWER
The head of the Indian state is an elected President. He/ She is vested with all the executive power. But they are all exercised by the Union Council of Ministers headed by the prime Minister. So, President is a Nominal Executive.
The real executive is the Prime Minister and the council of Ministers because all real power goes to Prime Minister and council of Minister.
4.QUESTION
How can the President of India be removed and on what ground? Explain.
ANSWER-
IMPEACHMENT
The process to remove the President is called Impeachment . If a President violates the constitution. He/She can removed from office by a resolution of Impeachment Which is passed by the both the houses of parliament by not less than 2/3 majority of the total membership.
5.QUESTION
Describe the powers and function of the Vice President of India.
ANSWER-
The Vice President is the ex - officio Chairman of the Rajya Sabha .
He / She performs the same functions in Rajya Sabha as the Speaker of Lok Sabha does .
The Vice President is not a member of Rajya Sabha , he / she does not participate in voting in the House
However , in the case of tie , he / she can exercise his casting vote.
Whenever the office of the President falls vacant due to death , resignation or impeachment , the Vice President takes over as the officiating President till a fresh election is held .
The new President must be elected within six months .
As officiating President , the Vice President is entitled to all the powers , privileges and emoluments due to the President of India .
(E)ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS
1.QUESTION
How is the Union of council of Ministers appointed? Explain its main fuctions.
ANSWER-
The composition of the council of Ministers starts with the appointment of the Prime Minister by the President of India. Other Ministers are appointed afterwards by the President on the advice of the Prime Minister.
Power and function of Union council of Minsters-
1.The council of ministers is responsible for the formation of internal and external policy of the country.
2.Taking decisions at the national and international level.
3.To run the administration through various ministers.
2.QUESTION
List any five powers and functions of the Prime Minster of India.
ANSWER-
functions of the Prime Minister
1 .The Prime Minister is the pivot and the entire administration revolves around him.
2. As head of the government , the Prime Minister enjoys real powers .
3.The main powers of the Prime Minister are : to form Council of Ministers .
4.to preside over the meetings of the Cabinet as well as Council of Ministers .
5.to co - ordinate the working of various departments .
3.QUESTION
Describe the legislative and financial power of the President of India.
ANSWER-
Legislative Power-
The president is and integral part of Indian Parliament. The president can summon prorogue and address the two houses of the parliament. Every year the first session of the parliament begins with his/her address.
Twelve member of Rajya Sabha are nominated by the President. He/She also nominate two Anglo Indian to the Lok Sabha.
Financial powers-
The annual budget of the country is presented in the Parliament in the name of the Patent Similarly , all money bills also require the approval before introducing them in Lok Sabha He / She has the power to appoint members of the Finance Commission .
1.National Emergency-
If the security of the country is threatened by war or external aggression or internal armed rebellion, the president can declare a State of Emergency for the whole country.
2.Breakdown of Constitutional Machinery in a state-
If the government of a state is not being run in accordance with the constitution, the president can declare emergency in that State. It is also called imposition of President's rule in a state.
3.Financial Emergency-
When the financial stability of the country is threatened the president can declare a state of financial emergency.
5.QUESTION
Explain the following Terms-
a)Coalition Government
b)Impeachment
c)Collective Responsibility
d)Parliamentary form of Government
e)Electoral College
ANSWER-
a)In case no single party get clear majority the leader of two or more then two parties combined together or alliance is called upon to became the Prime Minister and form the government. The government headed by such a Prime Minister called the Coalition Government.
b)The process to remove the President is called Impeachment . If a President violates the constitution. He/She can removed from office by a resolution of Impeachment Which is passed by the both the houses of parliament by not less than 2/3 majority of the total membership.
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