CLASS-8 CHAPTER-13 Colonialism and Urban Change

ANSWER THE FOLLOWING -

1.QUESTION

Why did the British introduce railways in India? Explain any three reasons.

ANSWER

Railways were introduced in India for the benefit of the British administration, political control and trade.

The British introduced railways for the following reasons-

1. Commercial advantage- Railways collected raw material from field and mines and sent to the port to be transported to England to feed the British to feed the British industries.

2.Political Aspects-Railways safeguarded the British possessions in different parts of India to enable quick movement of armed forces and administrative convenience.

3.Investment of surplus Income- Railways opened new area where investments earned huge profits.

2.QUESTION

Describe the police organisation of Lord Cornwallis.

ANSWER

Lord Cornwallis organised the police into a regular force. A superintendent of Police looked after each district with the assistance of Deputy Superintendent of Police .Each district was divided into thanas under darogas. Villages and towns were looked after by chawkidars and kotwals.

3.QUESTION

Highlight any three major improvements that took place in Delhi before the Delhi Durbar of 1877.

ANSWER

1. Drainage , irrigation, road construction and development of residential areas in Delhi.

2.The canal in Chandni Chowk was filled up and trees were cut to cater to increasing traffic, especially, the trams.

3.The most modernised developments of this time were piped water and sewerage of the walled city.

4.QUESTION

How did some old trading centres lose their glory and became de-urbanised?

ANSWER

Some old trading centres lost their glory with the decline in demand for their products and de-urbanised. The old trading centres and ports were replaced by new trade centres.

5.QUESTION

What type of discrimination did the people of Calcutta experience after it became the British capital in India?

ANSWER

By early 19th century, Calcutta , the capital of the British, came to be divided into two parts-

1.The British part was known as the White town

2.The Indian part was known as the Black town

ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS

1.QUESTION

' The British successfully influenced painting, literature and architecture of India.' Give examples to support this statement.

ANSWER

1.The British brought their culture and lifestyle along with the British East India Company.

2.They introduced several western trends in India.

3.After developing an empire in India the British introduced westernization in India.

4.All the architecture of India became European. The building and painting of the Victorian Era in India are of the British style.

2.QUESTION

Describe any five major changes brought about in Delhi by the British before the development of New Delhi.

ANSWER

1.1805 the British took over lands revenue and city administration of Delhi.

2. 1824 The era of urban planning began in Delhi when a Town Duties Committee was setup by the Britishers for the development of the urban area of Delhi.

3.1863 Delhi Municipal committee was formed.

4.1877 Delhi Durbar for Queen Victoria was held. On this occasion lot of improvements were in the city beautify it.

5.1911 Delhi Durbar for King George V was held.

6.1913 the Imperial Delhi Committee was formed which took the task of the construction of the new capital.

7.Raisina Hill was selected for building the new capital New Delhi.

3.QUESTION

Describe the distinct features of the city of Calcutta as developed by the British in India. Inspite of this why did the British shift their capital to New Delhi?

ANSWER

Calcutta the capital of the British divided into two parts---

1.White Town-The British part known as the White Town

2.Black Town-The Indian part was known as the Black Town

The size and population of the new urban areas expanded a need for Urban Local Bodies arose. The Calcutta Municipal Corporation was established. But increasing political discontent all over India forced the British to relocate their capital to New Delhi in 1911 as it was more centrally located for administrative convenience.

4.QUESTION

'Introduction of railways in India proved to be a blessing in disguise.'Give three arguments in favour of and three against the statement.

ANSWER

1.Indians were not allowed to travel in first compartment , those compartments were reserved for the Britishers.

2.Railways brought fragmented and disunited people of India together.

3. Railways was used by nationalist leaders for the mobilization of the people of India.

so, we said that "The introduction of railways in India proved to be a blessing in disguise"

5.QUESTION

Describe the development activities under taken to construct and develop New Delhi as the new British Capital.

ANSWER

1. The construction of the New Delhi capital was a massive task and hence the construction and management could not left to local authority.

2.In 1913 Imperial Delhi Committee was formed.