(D)ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS IN BRIEF-
1.QUESTION
What were the proposals of Wood's Despatch of 1854?
ANSWER
1.Wood's Despatch 1854 outlined the educational policy that was to be followed in India. It criticised the Oriental knowledge and emphasized the need of European learning.
2. The Despatch made major changes in the education policy of the British and gave a detailed plan for a separate department of education.
3.Universities were set up at the Presidency towns of Bombay, Calcutta and Madars. Institutes for training the teachers were also set up and assistance was given to Vernacular Schools
2.QUESTION
Highlight any three social evils of Indian society related to women.
ANSWER
1.Sati was an inhuman practice where a widow was forced to burn himself on the funeral pyre of her husband.
2.Female Infanticide killing of infant girls.
3.Child marriage.
3.QUESTION
Describe any three main contributions of Swami Dayanand Saraswati as a social reformer.
ANSWER
1. He established Arya Samaj Society of Nobles at Bombay . He believed in one God.
2. He started Shuddhi movement.
3. He gave message to " Back to Vedas",
4.QUESTION
Differentiate between the Anglicist and Orientalist.
ANSWER
Anglicist- A specialist in English language and literature.
Orientalist-Scholarly study of Asian cultures and language, especially, by westerners.
5.QUESTION
Evaluate the efforts made by Indian leaders to improve Indian education.
ANSWER
Jyotiba Phule stated a special school for the underprivilged class.
Swami Dayanand gave message " Back to Vedas" .
Wardha education Scheme 1937 was initiated by Gandhi jee. He believed that English educaton created a sense of inferiority and developed master slave morals like truth , goodness, justice, sense of self respect and dignity among the Indian Masses.
(E)ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS
1.QUESTION
Do you think that the British system of Education had a negative impact ? Support your answer with suitable arguments.
ANSWER- The British system of Education, no doubt, proved to be a boon for the Indians because it created awareness among them about the ideals of equality, liberty, fraternity and democracy. It also broadened the outlook of many Indians. But at the same time the system showed several negative points :-
( i ) The British never glorified Indian past in their textbook which was so rich and varied . Instead , it glorified only the British administration and philosophy .
(ii) The British System of Education was limited to a small number of Indians. This created a division between English educated Indians and the rest of Indians .
( iii ) Indigenous literature and thoughts were also ignored .
(iv) Only rich Indians got the benefit of the British system of Education. Those who were poor could never think of getting any benefit from this system.
2.QUESTION-
State the major landmarks in the field of education in nineteenth and twentieth century.
ANSWER-
(i) The Charter Act of 1813 was passed by the British soon afterwards a sum of one lakh rupees was sanctioned for education in India. The Hindu and the Elphinstone colleges were established in Calcutta and Bombay respectively. These institutions produced English educated Indian elite class.
(ii) In the year 1854, Wood's Despatch came which made major changes in the educations policy of the British. It gave a detailed plan for a separate department of education. Universities were set up at the Presidency towns of Bombay , Calcutta and Madras .
(iii) In 1882 , an Education Commission was formed to look into the system of revenue in education , female education , setting up of schools , colleges and universities .
3.QUESTION
Describe the main contributions of any three social reformers in improving the Indian society.
ANSWER-
(i) Raja Ram Mohan Roy -
He was a great reformer. He wanted to eradicate the evils from Indian society. Burning of widows on the funeral pyre of their husbands was one of them which, Ram Mohan Roy felt, needed to be routed out immediately. He began to campaign against this inhuman practice. As he had deep knowledge of Sanskrit , Persian and several other Indian and European languages , he tried to show through his writings that the practice of Sati had no sanction in ancient texts . He got support from the contemporary Governor General, William Bentinck and finally, this evil practice was abolished in 1829.
( ii ) Jyotiba Phule : -
He was a social reformer of Maharashtra . He founded the Satya Shadhak Samaj- an organisation that worked for the upliftment of the low and oppressed classes . Phule considered education as a means of liberation and started a special school for the underpriviliged class . He was successful in creating awareness about the miserable condition of the depressed classes His campaign for the removal of untouchability and upliftment of lower castes took the form of an anti - Brahmin movement .
( iii )
Periyar E. V. Ramasamy-
He was a great nationalist and revolutionist. He left Congress in 1925 because he felt that the party was only serving the interest of Brahmins . He questioned the subjugation of Dravidian Race by the Brahmins , who enjoyed the donations and gifts of Dravidians but discriminated against them in social and religious matters . He was strong supporter of Dravidian culture and launched a Self Respect Movement in 1925 which inspired the untouchables to fight for their dignity .
4.QUESTION-
State the impact of the reform movements in India .
ANSWER-
The impact of the reform movements could be seen all over India . These movements influenced all sections of society :-
( i) Many social evils were eradicated . The educated Indians revived the past glory and helped in the formation of modern India .
( ii ) The reform movements also brought a cultural awakening India saw a rapid development in the field of literature , science and art .
( iii ) There was a remarkable improvement in the status and education of woman . Laws were inforced to curb social evils .
( iv ) The reform movements created a middle class of teachers , doctors , lawyers , scientists and journalists . This enlightened and educated class played a very crucial and constructive role in the progress of India .
(V ) It was during the reform movements that the opposition to the caste system spread thoughout India and among all sections of the society .
( vi ) Many English educated Indians learnt Sanskrit and translated books into English.
The spirit of national pride instilled patriotism and prepared the ground for the rise of nationalism in India .
5.QUESTION
'Although the British and the Indian Parliament brought many laws to end social evil, yet they continue to exist in the Indian society ' Justify the statement.
ANSWER
(1) The evil practice of Dowry System has been banned by law but unfortunately it continues even today in some parts of India.
(ii) Widow remarriage is still a big problem in our society.
( iii ) Untouchability has been legally banned , no doubt , but the practice still continues in different parts of the country.The people belonging to low caste lead a very hard life. They are discriminated against . They are still marginalised.
SOURCE
1.WE AND OUR WORLD CLASS 8D A V PUBLICATION
2.NCERT BOOK CLASS 8
PREPARED BY
DR. SANTOSH ANAND MISHRA
D A V PUBLIC SCHOOL
MANPUR
GAYA
BIHAR
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