1.Who were the 'Liberals' in 19th-century Europe?
2. What were the three main changes suggested by Lenin in his 'April Theses'?
3.Define 'Kulaks' and 'Kolkhoz'.
4.What was the 'Duma'?
5.Mention two effects of the First World War on Russian industries.
Mark Questions (Short Answer Type)
6. Describe the views of Radicals regarding the government.
7.Explain the significance of 'Bloody Sunday' in the history of the Russian Revolution.
8.What were the conditions of the working class in Russia before 1917?
9.Why did the Tsarist autocracy collapse in 1917?
10.How did the Bolsheviks treat the non-Russian nationalities?
5-Mark Questions (Long Answer Type)
Focus on detailed analysis and process.
* Discuss the main causes of the Russian Revolution of 1917.
* Guideline: Divide into Economic (inflation, food riots), Social (peasant land hunger), Political (weakness of Tsar Nicholas II), and Immediate (the impact of WWI defeats).
* Explain Stalin’s Collectivization Programme. What were its results?
* Guideline: Explain the grain shortage crisis, the elimination of Kulaks, the forced movement of peasants into Kolkhoz, and the resulting resistance (destruction of livestock) and the famine of 1930-33.
* What was the global impact of the Russian Revolution?
* Guideline: Mention the formation of Communist parties worldwide (e.g., CPGB), the creation of the Comintern, the rise of socialism as a global ideal, and how it gave the world a new model of economic planning (Five Year Plans).
* Compare and contrast the views of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels with earlier Socialists like Robert Owen.
* Guideline: Owen believed in individual cooperatives; Marx argued for a "Communist society" where the state/society controlled the means of production, claiming that workers must overthrow capitalism to end exploitation.
* Describe the events of the October Revolution of 1917.
* Guideline: Mention the conflict between the Provisional Government and the Bolsheviks, the formation of the Military Revolutionary Committee under Leon Trotsky, and the seizure of the Winter Palace.
Answer 1
They wanted a nation that tolerated all religions and argued for a representative parliamentary government, but did not believe in universal adult franchise (felt only property-owning men should vote).
Answer 2 (1) The war be brought to a close, (2) Land be transferred to the peasants, and (3) Banks be nationalized.
Answer 3
Kulaks were well-to-do peasants; Kolkhoz were collective farms introduced by Stalin.
Answer 4
An elected consultative parliament created by Tsar Nicholas II after the 1905 Revolution.
Answer 5.
Cutting off of industrial supplies by German control of the Baltic Sea and labor shortages due to able-bodied men being sent to the war.
Answer 6
liberals, they wanted a government based on the majority of a country’s population; they supported women's suffragette movements and opposed the privileges of great landowners.
Answer 7
The procession of workers led by Father Gapon, the attack by the police, and how it triggered the 1905 Revolution (strikes, student walkouts).
Answer 8
Long working hours (10-15 hours), low wages, poor housing/sanitation, and division among workers based on skill and village of origin.
Answer 9
Military failures in WWI, high food prices/shortages in cities, and the Tsar's refusal to consult the Duma, leading to loss of support from both the army and the public.
Answer 10
They gave political autonomy to non-Russian nationalities in the USSR (formed in 1922), but also practiced "unpopular policies" like the discouragement of nomadism.
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